The one free essay sample

Technology advancement through the years have changed people’s lives and opened new horizons. Technology is fast paced and it is becoming more advanced and sophisticated day by day. Game design and production is a fast paced, hit-driven, technology-based field. Hardware used in game consoles and personal computers continues to improve, getting faster and cheaper at a dizzying pace. This new project with increases the computational resources, and a long list of cool features they liked to incorporate. As it is widely reported across many media, computer and video games are increasingly popular. The computer is one of the toolsused in the upgrading of our technology which is one of the products of high-quality technologies. Information technology plays a big role in economic growth and development worldwide. Computer innovations are rampant but it is not only the hardware component that keeps pace with the fast changing technology, but also the software that underlies it. We will write a custom essay sample on The one or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Now, mobile games are part of rapidly evolving mobile technology. Users become interested of the aid of mobile graphics, which are used to create design and mobile animation. Many individuals are fond of playing mobile games to spend their free time. Android is a fast emerging platform for cell growth and have a really fast rising mobile market; this raises the bar as one needs to be technically sound and imaginatively progressive to seize some of its share. Every single day, everyone sees new and fresh innovative ways on how an organization can make it big by the social media markets. Project Context Android is a fast emerging platform for cell growth and have a really fast rising mobile market; this raises the bar as one needs to be technically sound and imaginatively progressive to seize some of its share. Every single day, everyone sees new and fresh innovative ways on how an organization can make it big by the social media markets. The game will be supported by an android OS that can give knowledge and enjoyment to the users. This game entitled â€Å"Aquatic Quest: An Edutainment Android Game† it will be develops not only to entertain but also to test the intellectual ability of user. Purpose and Description The proposed study introduced a platform which can be used in developing a game. The development of this game provides proofs on the efficiency of using the Android OS, and it serve as an entertainment yet an educational tool, for the players. Aside from fun and entertainment, studies say that playing this kind of game can give anti-aging benefits. Solving a game problem can exercise the player’s mind. This game can help enhance and test the scheme in terms of word gathering. This also teaches young individuals to become a computer literate and help them to improve their concentration. To the developers, this study enhanced their activity and programming skills using Java Language in developing a mobile game. In the entire development of the game, the developers elaborated every aspects of the study such as design, game play, and interface as well as the software documentations. Furthermore, this study would help the researchers to their future endeavors in the real world-that is outside the school, after their graduation. To the gamers, this mobile game does not isolate from social contact but promotes social interactions. Playing this game develops the learning process in a form of leisure that is entertaining. To the future developers, this study could serve as an additional reference for those who are interested to develop a mobile game and as a guide for other researchers engaging the same topic. This study can improve the new perceptions of an open platform accessible for carriers and establish an open platform for developers to build innovative mobile applications. But the main beneficiaries of the study are the students, teachers, and researchers as they are provided with pleasant and new kind of technology in mobile activities. Objectives of the Study The general objective of this study is to develop an Educational Game for Android OS. The following are the specific objectives: To study existing games related to marine life. To develop an android game that is educational, enjoying and entertaining. To test and evaluate the functionality of the developed game as to its: Game Play Game story Game Mechanics Game Usability Conceptual Framework Figure 1 IPO of the Current System Figure 1 shows the Conceptual Framework of the proposed game. The Input shows where to begin the game. At the process the game starts and you should beware of destruction and earn points. As the product, it display the high score and start again. Scope and Limitations of the Study This proposed study focus mainly in developing a game using Android OS. The developers used Android OS because it is very in demand in the market. Using this OS is very effective for the developer objectives. The game developed to promote a quick thinking, fast analysis, hand-eye coordination and motor skills. The game is platform game type which deals with different platform and obstacle to encounter in each level. The game is made available only for mobile devices which uses the Android platform. Aquatic Quest was designed into 2d computer graphics. The game application used Java as the programming language, Eclipse as the software development environment, Java and android as the development kits and the Adobe Fireworks as the graphics editor. The game is designed to run on Android devices with version 2. 3 (Gingerbread) or higher. The screen resolution should be 1024 x 600 pixels; the game features are limited on the performance based of the capability of the tablet and its specification to have this game available for the users. The game can only played by a single player and It is non-network game. Definition of Terms In designing and developing the proposed system, the researcher was able to identify some terminologies that may be useful in order for the client to understand some of the terms that are used here. Technical Terms Technical Terms of the study are the following: Adventure Game- It is a computer-based game in which the player assumes the role of the character in an interactive story driven by exploration and puzzle-solving instead of physical challenge. The genres focus on story allows it to draw heavily from other narrative-based media such as literature and film, encompassing a wide variety of literary genres(Buzzle, 2012). Educational Game-It is game that had been designed to teach people about a certain subject, expand concept, reinforced the development, understand an historical event or culture, or assist them in learning a skill as the user play. It serves as educational tool for the user (Galoor, 2012). In this study, the game is said to be educational because of the word that the player must complete to pass to next stage. Edutainment- This term is created by the developers, part of the title of this study to emphasize that aside from being educational; it also gives entertainment to the user or player. Edu is the shortened term for educational and tainment for entertainment. Game- It is a structured or semi-structured activity, usually undertaken for enjoyment and sometimes used as an educational tool (Buzzle, 2012). IDE- (Integrated Development Environment) Itis a software application for software development (IDE, 2012). Map Editor -It is used to edit the maps of the game. We used Tiled Map Editor for designing the map. Single Player- It refers to the variant of a particular game where input from only one player is expected throughout the course of the gaming session. Touch Screen-It is typically found on larger displays, in phones with integrated PDA features. Most are designed to work with either your finger or a special stylus. Tapping a specific point on the display will activate the virtual button or feature displayed at that location on the display (Buzzle, 2012). User- It is the person who uses or plays the game. Undersea- It is the large area of saline water that composes a large part of a planet’s hydrosphere. It serves as the map of the game. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES This chapter presents a discussion of the existing systems that motivates the developers in pursuing this study. It also covers the related literature and technical background related to study at hand. RELATED LITERATURE The researchers have searched the internet and have read several books to collect information needed to complete the related local and foreign literatures symmetrical to this study. Foreign Literature The game Treasure Ocean developed by flash arcade in 2006 A very exciting yet nice game, to pass to next level the player must collect all the treasures. An underwater photography is the only way to convince the government that new funds are needed. It was developed in java and one of the best ocean adventure game in that time. The game Fish Tales developed by BigFishgame in 2011 Meet sunny, a small fish vast ocean. Eat the fish smaller that yourself. It is so fun you must have eye and hand coordination to get to the next level. It also develop by the used of java. The game Sprill: Aqua Adventures Underwarter developed by MyPlayCity in 2011. The cat, the main hero, may be bored on the way so we decided to provide it with a funny assistant-a green fish which may be of a great help. A spectacular underwater game challenges you to gather coloured balls in threes to make them disappear. Be careful and don’t let the balls fill in all the playing field, or else you The Game 4 pics. And 1 word, a game created by LOTUM gmbh that is available in the adroid market, according to a blog , Its incredibly easy to get into 4 Pics 1 Word, with no instruction required. It quickly becomes addictive, 4 Pics 1 Word is a smooth, fun and well-designed game thats free to play and can offer hours upon hours of entertainment. With now millions of downloads in the Play Store, this game is certainly doing something right. Players of any age can get hours of entertainment out of this game, and the price is certainly right. One of the success of the game application 4 pics. And 1 word is that they bring a great enjoyment for the users/players who love to play trivial games. Just like 4 pics and 1 word the proponents wants to bring such experience from the proposed game application pics for a million. Local literatures Zeenoh games released and introduced Patintero Playtime in November of 2011. It is an IPhone and android game app patterned to the traditional Patintero street game that most Filipinos know how to play. Zeenoh purposely designed this app in order for Filipino children who forgot to play the game and also for those who unfortunately missed the chance of experiencing the game itself Patintero Playtime for†¦(GDAP, 2011). Patintero Playtime offers a unique gameplay , a 2 dimensional game, though the rules of the original Patintero games apply power ups and human vs. human play are some of its amusing features. With this to consider, Filipinos are now more than ready to take on markets like the IPhone app store and others alike. Sipa literally meaning â€Å"kick† in Filipino is one of Philippines’ many traditional games. It involves an object which is made out of rubber and washer sometimes a 5 centavo coin and a piece of candy wrapper. The objective of the game is to kick the object upwards as long as it takes without the object hitting the ground, the one who kicks the object the longest time wins. Since this game is widely played by Filipinos in their childhood days the developers of this game Team Buthchokoy were inspired to make â€Å"Sipa†, a mobile app to show their love for the game itself and to cater their nationalistic efforts in introducing Filipino culture to the global market. Sipa according to their main website â€Å"The inspiration here is not just to develop a mobile game but to prove and inspire other Filipinos that even with limited resources and know-how, one can create something if you put your heart and soul for it† Every Filipino is†¦( Butchokoy. com, 2011). Sipa also features different levels that show different landmarks found in the Philippine like the Luneta, University of the Philippines, Quiapo Church and Mt. Pulag. The game was featured in both television and on multiple sites and blogs, according to an interview by Tj Manotoc in TV Patrol one of Team Butchokoy’s leader Dale David â€Å"We developed this game most probably for them to be encouraged to play Sipa in the streets even sometimes(translated)† Larong ‘sipa’ patok†¦(ABS CBN News, 2012). Sipa is currently available in Apple’s App Store and in the Android Market as well. Tongits is a card game that originated in the Philippines. It involves players to pair up cards according to suites, the objective of the game is to take turns drawing a card from a deck and releasing a card from a player’s hand until the player’s hand is empty. Since the advent of Poker app games on Facebook, developers reach out to Filipinos and made Tongits Wars. There is also Tongits game available on Adobe Air which was developed by Rico Zuniga. The game can be downloaded as a trial version and is available for $15 for unlimited play. Zuniga also made the same game using C++ and is playable on mobile phones according to Zuniga An Open Source†¦( Zuniga,2011) â€Å"The biggest problem during those times was, you guessed it right, device fragmentation. Developers had to deal with different screen resolutions†. Even though the mobile game did not quite sell it led him eventually to develop Tongits in Adobe Air which became popular and sold to fans of the game. (Macutay, 2007) mentioned 2 games that are made by Filipino game developers. Anito: Defend a Land Enraged was released by Anino Games is an RPG game for PC and features 16th century Asia as its setting. The game won 2004 Role Playing Game of the Year in the 2004 Independent Games Festival. Another game that was developed by Filipinos was Terra Wars: NY Invasion released Ladyluck Digital Media. It is a first person shooter game that involves aliens as enemies. Unfortunately however for Terra Wars IGN had given them a 2 out of 10 review, according to IGN Terra Wars:†¦(Bitton, 2006) â€Å"Terra Wars is simply the latest addition to the horde of generic first person shooters available on the market today. Even though Terra Wars did not quite work for Ladyluck Digital Media but through the years they eventually worked with clients such as Activision, Ubisoft , Sony, EA and many more proving that Filipinos has already reached its potential in the field of game development. RELATED STUDIES This section presents the writing of different personalities conduct by the developers during their research, which have relevance to the present study. Local Studies The study of Agito, Cuevas, and Lago (2012) the Treasure Hunter 3D an educational game which is mind game. The developers came up with the title because it is a mind game with treasure seeking quest in 3D (three dimensional). The concept of the game is General Information and the setting is in the forest. The game concentrated on different aspects of learning. It aimed to help the users to enhance their ability and knowledge to play this game. Treasure Hunter 3D is developed using JavaScript, Adobe Photoshop as the images editor, while Unity and Auto Desk Maya is used in scripting and creating 3D objects. Both have used Adobe Photoshop for image editing and both are somewhat have the process if the game play. The thesis game developed by Borbon and Mendoza (2011), the Sassy Treasure Quest is an adventure type of game that was designed for touch mobile unit with a platform of Flash Lite 3. 0. The game has six stages and each stage has treasures, which are guarded by monster, which must be collected by the protagonist to clear the game. Movement are classified as up, down, left and right wherein interaction from the user corresponds on the four sides of the mobile unit’s screen. The player must guide â€Å"Sassy† through different places where she faces obstacles along the way to the treasure. The quest is non-turn based and the player can’t attack, throw spell, retreat or defend. Every stage adds extra point to Sassy’s stamina. The game keep has a very stylish art concept and can keep you entertained for a few good minutes. Both games are intended to get the safety box to pass on the next stage. And obtain the high Score. Sassy Treasure Quest use Macromedia Fireworks The study of Abel and Paglinawan (2007) entitled Herbarrio which is a fascinating adventure game where the town Herbarrio has been cursed by the evil spirit. The game made use of Filipino concept for uniqueness and used Netbeans Mobility Pack 5. 5 in developing a set of modular software components called modules, J2ME platform for configuration of Macromedia fireworks NX for designing the user interface. Map Editor is also used for the structure of the map which has the drag and drop tool features. Both games are adventurous type game and can give excitement to the players. This study also used Map Editor to create map for the game. The study of Capuz and Ortega (2007) The Adventure of Pedro Penduko that features three exciting levels and three environment to explore. The study considers the need to reinstate and promote Filipino Superhero. This is an amusement that facilities psychological health by relieving stress and depression. In this study, both games feature an excitement, alertness and strategic skills in playing it. The features of the game have the same objectives and that is to successfully complete each level. Both games can be installed in mobile devices and today tablet devices can serve as mobile devices. The thesis of Olimba, Reyes and Robles (2009), entitled Freaky Maze of Babel. This study targets to develop a mobile game intended to gain the interest and would entertain user. The game is consists of adventure in a form of a board and mini-games to add excite and fun factor. Movement of the main character is based on rolling the dice, the numbers on the dice will decide on how many steps or platform you will end up. Platforms or blocks will be the way in following the maze and each platform will generate or represent a mini-game that you must accomplish, the faster you finish the mini-games the faster you will gather treasures and gains its goal. Both games give excitement and entertainment it also gives strategy to finish the game. Moreover, these games also can be installed in mobile devices and today tablet devices can also serve as mobile devices. Foreign Studies The study of Rich Molloy and Pat Griffith (2005) entitled Voyage a round Catalina. This game provides a unique and fun way to learn an ancient topic. Playing VAC will compliment most nautical learning experiences, whether these are an organized courses or independent study. Learners are those interested in the objectives. While, anyone with some interest in learning nautical terms and navigational rules can play VAC, the game will be most fun for those who have some reason or context in which to learn the material (e. g. , learning to sail, thinking of buying a boat, own a boat but know little about subject matter, joining the Coast Guard or Navy, etc†¦). Both games provide fun and adventure, the ocean is serves as the map of the game. Both games use 2D graphics design with cool colors, object blending effects, and animated menus with drop shadows; they also require developers to get down and dirty with pixels, lines, curves, rectangles, polygons, and all kinds of other graphics primitive. The game Endless Ocean developed by Arika. The game boasts a large expansive ocean with 100 creatures to collect in the players’ aquarium. When the player is on the boat they can do one of several things, they can check up on seals, dolphins, boobys or penguins hanging around on the boat. The player can change the location of the boat via the steering wheel; the player can also teach one of their dolphin companion tricks by touching a fin/mouth and wiggling the Wii-mote at the screen. The player can also check email, skip time, and talk to the marine biologist who cant swim or listen to music while staring at the sky. But once the player dives the endlessness begins, the player can go anywhere once they are released down to dive within a certain large perimeter around the boat. They can also dive with a partner [dolphin], draw things with an underwater pen and pet fish. Most of the game is about petting fish and exploring the sea, every-time the user see an area while diving the area is drawn in on your map, while every-time the pet/rub a fish the fish is put as a sticker in a brown book in the cabin. The map of the games is both in the ocean, the proponents’ main character is a submarine. Both games feature an exciting, alertness and strategic skills in playing it. The features of the game have the same objectives and that is to successfully complete each level. Lepper, M. R. Gurtner, J (2000), states that prolonged and excessive use of these games can cause, mainly upon children, a number of physical and psychological problems which may include obsessive, addictive behaviour, dehumanization of the player, desensitizing of feelings, personality changes, hyperactivity learning disorders, premature maturing of children, psychomotor disorders, health problems (due to lack of exercise tendonitis), Development of anti-social behaviour and loss of free thinking and will. Anderson and Bushman (2001), found that across 54 independent tests of the relation between video game violence and aggression, involving 4262 participants, there appear to be five consistent results of playing games with violent contents. Playing violent games increase aggressive behaviors, increases aggressive cognitions, increases aggressive emotions, increases physiological arousal, and decreases pro-social behaviours. Since most electronic games are violent, children below legal ages are emotionally disturbed and caused several changes on their behaviour. John Kirriemuir (2009), Applications (android or iOS) are today an important part of most children’s leisure lives and increasingly an important part of our culture as a whole. We often, as adults, watch in amazement as children dedicate hours to acting as football coaches, designers of empires, controllers of robots, wizards and emperors. In the past, computer games have been dismissed as a distraction from more ‘worthy’ activities, such as homework or playing outside. Today, however, researchers, teachers and designers of learning resources are beginning to ask how this powerful new medium might be used to support children’s learning. Rather than shutting the door of the school against the computer game, there is now increasing interest in asking whether computer games or playing their tablets might be offering a powerful new resource to support learning in the information age. This review is intended as a timely introduction to current thinking about the role of mobile games in supporting children’s learning inside and out of school. It highlights the key areas of research in the field, in particular the increasing interest in pleasurable learning, learning through doing and learning through collaboration that games seem to offer. At the same time, the review takes a measured tone in acknowledging some of the obstacles and challenges to using games within our current education system and within our current models of learning. SYNTHESIS The related studies and literature that the researchers gathered are collected from various books, magazines, articles, journals, blogs and thesis from online research and library research. The information collected by the researchers is significantly related to the proposed study. The related studies and literature was created to help researchers properly understand and support the conclusion of the study. Android games extended its lead in the overall mobile phone market, as the competition is still up, developers developed many different games like adventure, racing, sport, strategy. Adventure game is very entertaining among them because of the excitement and the fun playing throughout the game. The thesis game developed by Borbon and Mendoza (2011), the Sassy Treasure Quest is an adventure type of game with similar goal of the researcher’s present study. The game has the same stages and each stage has treasures, which are guarded by monster, which must be collected by the protagonist to clear the game. In the proposed game Aquatic quest will have 10 stages and has treasure hunting in each level. Inside the treasures are letters and some are points. Collecting the letters of the given word of the map will complete the map and will proceed to the next level of the game, but it’s not that easy to finish the stage because destructions are all over each stages. Another similar study entitled: â€Å"Treasure Ocean† A very exciting yet nice game, with the same goal of collecting all the treasures to proceed to the next level of the game. Another game design Entitled: â€Å"Fish tale† developed by big Fish Game year 2011 that Meet sunny, a small fish vast ocean. Eat the fish smaller that yourself. It is so fun you must have eye and hand coordination to get to the next level. With the same purpose of searching a treasure to complete the game level. The above mentioned studies and literatures greatly contributed to the present study because they served as guide in the development of the Game (Aquatic Quest). The development between the researchers study and above mentioned is noticeable in terms of innovative ideas and process involved.

Understanding the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence

Understanding the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence The triarchic theory of intelligence proposes that there are three distinct types of intelligence: practical, distinct, and analytical. It was formulated by Robert J. Sternberg, a well-known psychologist whose research often focuses on human intelligence and creativity. The triarchic theory is comprised of three subtheories, each of which relates to a specific kind of intelligence: the contextual subtheory, which corresponds to practical intelligence, or the ability to successfully function in one’s environment; the experiential subtheory, which corresponds to creative intelligence, or the ability to deal with novel situations or issues; and the componential subtheory, which corresponds to analytical intelligence, or the ability to solve problems. Triarchic Theory of Intelligence Key Takeaways The triarchic theory of intelligence originated as an alternative to the concept of general intelligence factor, or g.  The theory, proposed by psychologist Robert J. Sternberg, contends that there are three types of intelligence: practical (the ability to get along in different contexts), creative (the ability go come up with new ideas), and analytical (the ability to evaluate information and solve problems).The theory is comprised of three subtheories: contextual, experiential, and componential. Each subtheory corresponds to one of the three proposed types of intelligence. Origins Sternberg  proposed his theory in 1985 as an alternative to the idea of the general intelligence factor. The general intelligence factor,  also known as  g, is what intelligence tests typically measure. It  refers only to â€Å"academic intelligence.† Sternberg argued that practical intelligence- a person’s ability to react and adapt to the world around them- as well as creativity are equally important when measuring an individuals overall intelligence.  He also argued that  intelligence isn’t fixed, but rather  comprises a set of abilities that can be developed.  Sternbergs assertions led to the creation of his theory.   Subtheories Sternberg broke his theory down into  the following  three subtheories: Contextual subtheory: The contextual subtheory says that intelligence is intertwined with the individual’s environment. Thus, intelligence is based on the way one functions in their everyday circumstances, including one’s ability to a) adapt to one’s environment, b) select the best environment for oneself, or c) shape the environment to better fit one’s needs and desires.Experiential subtheory: The experiential subtheory proposes that there is a continuum of experience from novel to automation to which intelligence can be applied. It’s at the extremes of this continuum that intelligence is best demonstrated. At the novel end of the spectrum, an individual is confronted with an unfamiliar task or situation and must come up with a way to deal with it. At the automation end of the spectrum, one has become familiar with a given task or situation and can now handle it with minimal thought.  Ã‚  Componential subtheory: The componential theory outlines t he various mechanisms that result in intelligence. According to Sternberg, this subtheory is comprised of three kinds of mental processes or components:Metacomponents enable us to monitor, control, and evaluate our mental processing, so that we can make decisions, solve problems, and create plans.Performance components are what enable us to take action on the plans and decisions arrived at by the metacomponents.Knowledge-acquisition components enable us to learn new information that will help us carry out our plans. Kinds of Intelligence Each subtheory reflects a particular kind of intelligence or ability: Practical intelligence:  Sternberg called one’s ability to successfully interact with the everyday world  practical intelligence. Practical intelligence is related to the contextual subtheory. Practically intelligent people are especially adept at behaving in successful ways  in their external environment.Creative intelligence:  The experiential subtheory is related to creative intelligence, which is one’s ability to use  existing knowledge to create new ways to handle new problems or cope in new situations.Analytical intelligence:  The componential subtheory is related to analytical intelligence, which is essentially academic  intelligence. Analytical intelligence is used to solve problems and is the kind of intelligence that is measured  by a standard IQ test Sternberg observed that all three kinds of intelligence are necessary for successful intelligence, which refers to  the ability to be successful in life based on one’s abilities, personal desires, and environment. Critiques There have been a number of critiques and challenges to Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence over the years. For example,  educational psychologist  Linda  Gottfredson says  the theory  lacks a solid empirical basis, and observes that the data used to back up the theory is meager. In addition, some scholars argue that practical intelligence is redundant with the concept of job knowledge, a concept that is more robust and has been better researched. Finally, Sternberg’s own definitions and explanations of his terms and concepts have at times been imprecise. Sources Gottfredson, Linda S. â€Å"Dissecting practical intelligence theory: Its claims and evidence† Intelligence, vol. 31, no. 4, 2003, pp.343-397, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-2896(02)00085-5Meunier, John. â€Å"Practical Intelligence.† Human Intelligence, 2003. intelltheory.com/practicalintelligence.shtmlSchmidt, Frank L., and John E. Hunter. â€Å"Tacit Knowledge, Practical Intelligence, General Mental Ability, and Job Knowledge† Current Directions in Psychological Science, vol. 2, no. 1, 1993, pp. 8-9,  https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep10770456Sternberg, Robert J. Beyond IQ: A Triarchic Theory of Human Intelligence. Cambridge University Press, 1985.Sternberg, Robert J. â€Å"The Theory of Successful Intelligence† Review of General Psychology, vol. 3, no. 4, 1999, 292-316, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.3.4.292â€Å"Triarchic Theory of Intelligence.† Psychestudy, https://www.psychestudy.com/cognitive/intelligence/triarchic

3.Case Study Transformation at the Universal Manufacturers Group Coursework

3.Case Study Transformation at the Universal Manufacturers Group - Coursework Example The merger is expected to place the group at the same caliber with other competitive companies. The management hopes to reap the benefit accrued with economies of scale. Max Weber expounded on the classical theory and emphasized that there was no need of organization diversifying (Powell, 2003, p.42). In his line of thought, an organization can be successful so long as there are clear lines of authority and control. Weber gave credit on the importance of division of labor. Division of labor will enhance an organization productivity and cut-off some expenses. This however will result to the transformation of the entire human resource. The director of human resource director Mrs. Smithers is faced with challenges on how to transform the current human resource functions while still remain in focus with the organization’s vision, mission, goals, and objectives. UMG is facing two key problems in its human resource transformation. Since it wants to merge the three companies into one based in the newly located headquarter in Reading, England, human resource that was available will have to be downsized. The retrenchment of some employees will be the only way out in ensuring that UMG gets value for its resources. However, retrenchment of the employees should be done on a fair ground. Perhaps the best way to go about would be Mrs. Smithers sending circular to each department on the issue of downsizing, so that who are willing voluntarily to resign can be given the chance. Torrington, and Hall (1998, p.76), argued that proper procedures should always be in place on how to layoff, employees who voluntarily resigned and those who will be â€Å"forced† to resign. This is because if employees are not taken care during the retrenchment period this might have a negative reputation of an organization. Frederick Herzberg’s motivation-hygien e theory identifies job security as one of hygiene factor that will motivated the employees. Frederick

Make up a title Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Make up a title - Essay Example By the wars end, Mexico lost almost half of its territory, the current American Southwest from Texas to California, and the United States emerged as a continental power. Austin was anxious to justify the contract, and bring a good number of families. As many unmarried persons, as well as young men, came to the colony. Austin also suggested the primary concern of them being in pairs, making an individual the head of a particular family.Thus, the two would obtain a family head right, and the family members will increase. The arrangement leads a fortunate result to all concerned. Early 1823, Austin returned to his colony. Then Austin stopped to ascertain the powers held by general captain of the northeastern internal provinces. In addition, to have it defined and structured in the form of Spanish, and Austin was declared to have full administrative powers to administer justice in the colony. Austin made defensive war against the Indians and commanded the militia with the rank of lieutenant colonel. Moreover, Austin was clothed with executive, legislative and judicial powers. In addition, Austin was required to give a report to the states governor, and responsible to the captain-general of the

Theories of Criminology and the Departed Essay Example for Free

Theories of Criminology and the Departed Essay Theories of Criminology and The Departed Martin Scorceses film, The Departed, gives a great depiction of contrasting theories of the origins of crime, and how they may be applied to each character. Each of the four major theories, Choice Theory, Trait Theory, Social Structure Theory, and Social Process Theory can be seen to be accurate at one or more points in the film, but the film ultimately advocates for Choice Theory. Each of the major characters has the opportunity to choose who they ultimately want to be. From the moment that the over-arching villain of the film, Frank Costello, is introduced it is apparent how he understand his place in the framework of things. He states, l dont want to be a product of my environment. I want my environment to be a product of me. In this one statement he refutes the effect of Social Structure and Social Process theories on himself, and advocates for Choice Theory. He has made the choice to become who he is, and to engage in criminal activities. He did not have it dictated to him because of his environment, or his exposure to criminal ctivities. It was a choice. This is contrasted with the two central figures in the film, undercover state police officer Billy Costigan, and Costellos mole on the inside of the state police, Colin Sullivan. Fresh out of the police academy Costigan is confronted not only with his past and upbringing, as a two parent, two accent, mixture of North shore and South Boston, but also with his family connections with South Boston organized crime through his fathers side of the family. He has the family traits to Justify his being nvolved in criminal activities, but lacked the poor upbringing (Social Structure) that could have been expected for someone with his connections. It isnt until he is sent undercover, through the prison system and his low level criminal cousin, that he exposed to criminal activities in a major way (Social Process). Even as he becomes more involved in the day to day criminal activities of the Costello organization, he makes a choice to remain a loyal state police officer and completes his assignment, ven to the point where it leads to his death. Sullivan is the opposite story. He was raised in the poor area of South Boston, that was under the sway of the Costello organization (Social Structure), but did not have the family connections of Costigan. He was groomed into the inner circles of the organization by Costello himself from a very early age, getting frequent and early exposure to criminal activities (Social Process), with the ultimate idea that he would become an informant on the inside of the state police. He grows up being completely oyal to the organization that he grew up in, but when presented with the chance to stop functioning in the criminal enterprise, and become legitimate upon Costellos death, he makes the attempt to. He chooses to leave crime behind until he is confronted and threatened by Costigans undercover work. Each of these major characters could have been explained by competing theories of criminology, but ultimately the film portrays a situation where they are all making a choice of who they are and what theyll do. Theories of Criminology and the Departed By macbezz

Microeconomics: Elasticity Concept of Supply and Demand

Microeconomics: Elasticity Concept of Supply and Demand INTRODUCTORY MICROECONOMICS CONTENTS MICROENOMICS (Words: 2,744) 1.  ELASTICITY CONCEPT OF DEMAND SUPPLY Elasticity lets us know a lot of things about our demand and supply. Besides that, elasticity of demand lets us know what number of additional units of an item will be sold when the value is cut (or what number of fewer units will be sold when the value is increased). The degree to which a demand or supply curves responds to a change in value is the curve elasticity (Heakal, R., 2003). Reem Heakal (2003) expressed that items that are necessities are more incentive to price changes since purchasers might keep purchasing these items despite the increments of price. On the other hand, a price increase of a good or service that is recognized to a lesser degree need will stop more consumers since the chance expense of purchasing the item will get to be excessively high (Quant Lego, 2013). Elasticity is a concept of responsiveness of one or more economic variables to changes in an alternate set of one or more variables (Quant Lego, 2013). The way of this responsiveness and the genuine value of elasticity convey useful knowledge and information to comprehend the way of relationship among economic variables and take decisions to influence one economic variable under ones control to acquire a desired outcome about the quality of the other economic variable (Quant Lego, 2013). A good or service is acknowledged to be highly elastic if a slight change in value prompts to a sharp change in the amount demanded or supplied. Normally these sorts of items are promptly accessible in the business and an individual may not so much require them in his or her everyday life. O the other hand, an inelastic good or service is one in which changes in value witness just modest changes in the amount demanded or supplied, if any whatsoever (Quant Lego, 2013). These products have a tendency to be things that are to a greater extent a need to the consumer in his or her everyday life. The elasticity of the supply or demand curves can be determined using the equation below: Elasticity = (% change in quantity / % change in price) According to Heakal, R. (2003), if elasticity is greater than or equal to one, the curve is considered to be elastic. If it is less than one, the curve is said to be inelastic. The demand curve is a negative slope as shown in Figure 1, and if there is a large decrease in the quantity demanded with a small increase in price, the demand curve looks flatter, or more horizontal. This flatter curve means that the good or service in question is elastic (Heakal, R., 2003). Figure 1Graph of elastic demand (Source: http://www.investopedia.com/university/economics/economics4.asp) Meanwhile, inelastic demand is represented with a much more upright curve as quantity changes little with a large movement in price as shown in Figure 2 (Heakal, R., 2003). Figure 2Graph of Inelastic demand (Source: http://www.investopedia.com/university/economics/economics4.asp) Elasticity of supply works similarly. According to Heakal, R. (2003), if a change in price results in a big change in the amount supplied, the supply curve appears flatter and is considered elastic. Hence, elasticity in this case would be greater than or equal to one as shown in Figure 3. Figure 3 Graph of elastic supply (Source: http://www.investopedia.com/university/economics/economics4.asp) On the other hand, if a big change in price only results in a minor change in the quantity supplied, the supply curve is steeper and its elasticity would be less than one as shown in Figure 4 (Heakal, R., 2003). Figure 4Graph of inelastic supply (Source: http://www.investopedia.com/university/economics/economics4.asp) Elasticity, defined as a ratio of proportional or per cent changes, is necessarily dimensionless meaning that it is independent of units of measurement (Hodrick, L. S. (1999). For example, the value of the price elasticity of demand for gasoline would be the same whether prices were measured in dollars or francs, or quantities in tonnes or gallons. This unit-independence is the main reason why elasticity is so popular a measure of the responsiveness of economic behaviour (Hairies, L., 2005). 2.  PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY Hence, elasticity is a measure of exactly how much the amount demanded will be influenced by a change in value wage or change in price of related goods (Heakal, R., 2003). There are four sorts of elasticity, there are; price elasticity of demand, income elasticity of demand, cross price elasticity of demand and price elasticity of supply (Gachette, B., 2007). 2.1  Price Elasticity of demand Price elasticity of demand analyses the responsiveness of consumer demand to a change in price which is significant to know since then we know if it’s more beneficial to increase or decrease cost. In addition, price elasticity of demand help figure demand and help the firms choose about pricing in distinctive business portions. Monopolistic price discrimination might be practiced if the demand elasticity of distinctive business sector fragments is known/ assessed. Price elasticity of demand and supply helps to focus the feasible offering of the occurrence of a tax or a change in the tax rate (Das, S., 2005). Buoyancy in tax venues might be judged on the basis of income and price elasticity. This information is very useful for the economists included in providing estimates of tax revenue and proposes new taxes or changes in tax rates in the government (Das, S., 2005). 2.2  Income elasticity of demand Income elasticity of demand is the responsiveness of consumer demand to a change in wage this helps economists with classifying goods as substandard (the higher the income the lower the consumption) or normal (the higher the income the higher the consumption) (Das, S., 2005). Income elasticity of demand helps extend the interest for goods that a nation might require as the economy develops to higher and higher per capita wage levels. Demand for certain essential components of food are relatively inelastic after a certain level of income is reached. Thus, demand for cereals (for example, oats) is inelastic once the population has crossed the poverty line. But the demand for grains may at present increment through the demand for meat (as animals have to be reared on fodder grains). Such information helps long-term national planning. 2.3  Cross price elasticity of demand Cross price elasticity of demand is the responsiveness of consumer demand to a change in a competitors price this helps economists in comprehension if goods are complements (demand for one leads to demand for another) or substitutes (demand for one means less demand for another) (Das, S., 2005). Cross price elasticity also help pricing and marketing strategies keeping in view the effect of changes in cost of substitutes, complementary items and competing items in the same want fulfilling category. Publicizing using elasticity is essential to decide about advertising outlays and alternative advertising campaigns of organizations. 2.4  Price elasticity of supply Finally price elasticity of supply is the responsiveness regarding supply with a change in price which helps economists comprehend suppliers capacity to increase stocks for example agricultural goods producers have a low price elasticity of supply because if demand suddenly increases they have limited capacity to increase supply because of the long time it takes to produce this supply (Das, S., 2005). 3.  DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CONSUMER SURPLUS PRODUCER SURPLUS Customer and Producer surplus are two huge parts of matters of trade and profit particularly concerning marketing and pricing (Michigan State University, 2001). Customer Surplus is the cost above business sector value that you might be ready to pay or expressed diversely it is the maximum price that you might pay for a thing – the genuine price for that thing. Producer Surplus is basically the contrast between what a producers is willing and able to supply or offer an item for and what they get for it (Whfreeman, 2005). Simple example about consumer surplus, such as I-phone, let’s say that you willing to pay a maximum of RM2,500 but when you get to the store you discovered that the I-phone only cost you RM2,000 in which case you bought it and received a consumer surplus of RM 500; RM2,500 – RM2,000 = RM 500. Another example for producer surplus, take a company like Apple, let’s say that they would be willing to sell I-Pod for RM 200 and that is the absolute lowest they would willing to sell for but they manage to sell them for a price of RM 300 in this case the producer surplus is RM 100; RM 300 – RM 200 = RM100. When you observed those figures carefully, you’ll see that a basic economic principle in that the higher a product is priced the higher the producer surplus will be but the lower consumer surplus will, eventually if the seller keeps raising its prices then the consumer surplus will become 0 at the point the consumer will not want to purchase that product anymore (Whfreeman, 2005). Therefore, there are certain factors that need to be comprehended deeply in order to understand more about this consumer and producer surplus. Firstly is the law of demand. The law of demand stated that consumers will buy more of something (for example, sugar) when the price is falls or cheaper. Secondly is the law of supply. The law of supply stated that the higher the price of a product the more of it sellers are willing to supply. The premise of this comes essentially from producer surplus. Higher product price increases producer surplus thus they are willing to sell more of it because of the positive surplus (Michigan State University, 2001). The concepts of producer and consumer surplus help economists make welfare (normative) judgement about different methods of producing and distributing goods (Khan Academy, 2014). The differences between consumer and producer surplus are consumer surplus measures the gains to consumers from trade, whereas producer surplus measures the gains to producers from trade. Both consumer and producer surplus can measure a nation’s prosperity more accurately than GDP (gross domestic product). These concepts can help us to understand why markets are an efficient way to organize trade. Figure 5Graph of total surplus of Consumer and producer (e.g. books) (Source: Gachette, B. (2007) Principles of Microeconomics.) Based on the Graph of total surplus of consumer and producer as shown in Figure 5, both consumers and producers are better off because there is a market in this good, there are gains from trade. These gains from trade are the reason everyone is better off participating in a market economy than they would be if each individual tried to be self-sufficient. Consumer surplus is the difference between the value to buyers of a level of consumption of a good and the amount the buyers must pay to get that amount. Consumer surplus is the welfare consumers get from the good. Consumer surplus can be estimated from the demand curve for a good (Pepperdine University, 2010). The term producer’s surplus first shown up in A. Marshall’s Principle [11, p. 811, f.2], taking shape as the area between the competitive equilibrium price and the supply curve, a curve that slopes upwards as a result of placing the firms in order of diminishing efficiency as shown on figure 5. Marshall seems to stretch out the terms in order to comprehend all the surpluses a man determines as producer, including a â€Å"worker’s surplus† arising from the sale of his personal services and a â€Å"saver’s surplus† arising from the services of his capita (Mishan, E. J., 1968). 4.  EFFECTS OF ELASTICITY ON CONSUMER SURPLUS PRODUCER SURPLUS In economics, elasticity is the ratio of the proportional change in one variable with respect to proportional change in another variable (Gachette, B., 2007). Price elasticity, for example, is the sensitivity of quantity demanded or supplied to changes in prices. Elasticity is usually expressed as a negative number but shown as a positive percentage value. One typical application of the concept of elasticity is to consider what happens to consumer demand for a good (for example, apples) when prices increase. According to Gachette, B. (2007), as the price of a good rises, consumers will usually demand a lower quantity of that good, perhaps by consuming less, substituting other goods, and so on. The greater the extent to which demand falls as price rises, the greater the price elasticity of demand. However, there may be some goods that consumers require, cannot consume less of, and cannot find substitutes for even if prices rise (for example, certain prescription drugs). Another exampl e is oil and its derivatives such as gasoline. For such goods, the price elasticity of demand might be considered inelastic. Furthermore, elasticity will normally be different in the short term and the long term (Das, S., 2005). For example, for many goods the supply can be increased over time by locating alternative sources, investing in an expansion of production capacity, or developing competitive products which can substitute. One might therefore expect that the price elasticity of supply will be greater in the long term than the short term for such a good, that is, that supply can adjust to price changes to a greater degree over a longer time (Pepperdine University, 2010). This applies to the demand side as well. For example, if the price of petrol rises, consumers will find ways to conserve their use of the resource. However, some of these ways, like finding a more fuel-efficient car, take longer period of time. Thus, consumers may be less able to adapt to price shocks in the short term than in the long term (Hairies, L., 2005). However, there would be another effect of consumer surplus when the producer takes advantage of consumer surplus such as setting prices. In an organization (producers/ sellers) can identify groups of consumer within their market who are willing and able to pay different prices for the same product, then producers/sellers might engage in price discrimination. The price that the consumer willing to pay, thereby turning consumer surplus into extra revenue. This often happen in local fitness gym either in your area or other places whereby different fitness gym offers different prices with the same products. Another good example that can be seen the effect of consumer and producer surplus is the Airlines companies itself, such as Air Asia Airlines. Air Asia Airlines using their famous tagline â€Å"Now everyone can fly† is one of the cheapest and affordable prices Airlines in Asia. By extracting from consumers the price they are willing and able to pay for flying to different destinations are various times of the day, and exploiting variations in elasticity of demand for different types of passenger service. If you noticed that, often the price of tickets flights is cheaper when you book the flight earlier either weeks or months in advance. The airlines are prepared to sell tickets more cheaply then because they get the benefit of cash-flow at the same time making sure that each seat are being filled. The nearer the time to take off, the higher the price of the tickets flights. Thus, if a businessman is desperately to fly from Kota Kinabalu, Sabah to Kuala Lumpur, Peninsular Malay sia within 24 hour time, his or her demand is said to be price inelastic and the corresponding price for the ticket will be much higher. Therefore, this is one of the way Airlines such as Air Asia Airlines exploit their monopoly position by raising the prices in markets where demand is inelastic, at the same time extracting consumer surplus from buyers and increasing profit margin. 5.  SUMMARY In conclusion, elasticity is an important concept in understanding the incidence of indirect taxation, marginal concepts as they relate to the theory of the firm, distribution of wealth and different types of goods as they relate to the theory of consumer choice and. Elasticity is also significant in any discussion of welfare distribution, in particular consumer surplus, producer surplus, or government surplus. Furthermore, the concept of elasticity has an extraordinarily wide range of applications in economics. In particular, an understanding of elasticity is useful to understand the dynamic response of supply and demand in a market, in order to achieve an intended result or avoid unintended results. For example, a business considering a price increase might find that doing so lowers profits if demand is highly elastic, as sales would fall sharply. Similarly, a business considering a price cut might find that it does not increase sales, if demand for the product is price inelastic. Therefore, an economic signal is any piece of information that helps people makes better economic decisions. 6.REFERENCES Das, S. (2005) The Concept of Elasticity in Economics. Available at: http://www.montgomerycollege.edu/~sdas/elasticity/broaderusage.htm (Accessed 20 February 2014). Gachette, B. (2007) Principles of Microeconomics. Available at: http://www.aiu.edu/publications/student/english/Principles%20of%20Microeconomics.html (Accessed 21 February 2014) Haines, L. (2005) Elasticity is Back: Oil and Gas Investor. Heakal, R. (2003). Economics Basics: Elasticity. Investopedia Available at: http://www.investopedia.com/university/economics/economics4.asp (Accessed 21 February 2014). Hodrick, L. S. (1999) Does Price Elasticity Affect Corporate Financial Decisions? Journal of Financial Economics. Mishan, E. J. (1968). What is Producer Surplus? The American Economic Review, Vol. 58, No. 5. Khan Academy (2014) Consumer Producer Surplus. Available at: https://www.khanacademy.org/economics-finance-domain/microeconomics/consumer-producer-surplus (Accessed 20 February 2014). Michigan State University (2001) Consumer and Producer Surplus. Available at: https://www.msu.edu/course/ec/201/brown/pim/pdffiles98/csps98.pdf (Accessed 21 February 2014). Pepperdine University (2010) Chapter 4: Surplus and Efficiency. Available at: http://faculty.pepperdine.edu/jburke2/ba210/PowerP1/Ch4.ppt (Accessed 20 February 2014). Quant Lego (2013) Economics Basics: A Tutorial. Building Blocks For Financial Quant Skills. Available at: http://www.quantlego.com/knowledge/economics-basics-tutorial/5/ (Accessed 21 February 2014). Whfreeman (2005) Chapter 6: Consumer and Producer Surplus. Available at: http://www.whfreeman.com/college/pdfs/krugman_canadian/CH06.pdf (Accessed 21 February 2014).

Huckleberry Finn Analysis Essay

Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has been regarded as one of the greatest novels in American regionalism. So many Americans have read it, and many have enjoyed it and many believe that it is worthy of the highest praise, and deserves to be included in the canon of Great American literature. As a piece of regionalist literature, the novel shines out amongst other novels. Twain vividly describes the Mississippi river and surrounding area of Missouri with detail unrivaled. His characters’ dialogue accurately depicts the dialogue of the area, and their attitudes, especially towards African Americans, are also historically accurate. However, as Huck and Jim move farther south down the river, Twain loses touch with his style of writing. The regionalist aspect suddenly crumbles, and his plot line gets outrageously unbelievable. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is not deserving of inclusion in the canon of Great American literature. As Jane Smiley said in her essay Say It Ain’t So, Huck, â€Å"There is more to be learned about the American character from its canonization than through its canonization(Smiley 61). If Twain had kept the story line in his territory of familiarity the outcome may be different, but as his setting moves south, his writing moves right along with it. To clearly see how Twain’s writing deteriorates as the novel progresses one must compare quotes from when the novel is set in Missouri to when the novel is set farther south. Here is a quote from the beginning of the novel, describing the area around Jackson Island, â€Å"†¦but mostly it was big trees all about, and gloomy in there amongst them. There was freckled Boyer 2 freckled places on the ground where the light sifted down through the leaves, and the freckled places swapped about a little, showing there was a little breeze up there†(Twain, 51). The way he describes nature in this excerpt shows his true talent. The personification of the ground and the light, giving it the human-like characteristics of freckles gives the passage a personal touch. His diction and prose make the reader feel like they are watching the golden beams of light dance before their eyes. This is why Mark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn are recognized across America. However, in Chapter 31, when Jim ends up on the Phelps’ plantation, and the Phelps end up being Tom Sawyer’s family, and the Phelps mistake Huck for Tom and Tom for Sid, Twain is really pushing the believability of his novel, and from this excerpt we can see that the beauty of his prose is gone, as though he’s lost touch with the regionalist touch that makes his writing great, â€Å"‘Phelps’s was one of these little one-horse cotton plantations, and they all look alike. A rail fence round a two-acre yard; a stile made out of logs sawed off and up-ended in steps, like barrels of different length†¦(Twain, 273)† and on and on about the buildings of the plantation. There is nothing here that even remotely sounds like it came from someone who knows the area. Twain even says, â€Å"†¦and they all look alike† in the passage. He really lost his essence and creativity. He wrote out of his sphere of knowledge, and his novel suffers for it. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is a wonderful piece of literature. Twain captures the true essence of being a teenage boy on a big adventure on the lazy Mississippi river. However, the end of his novel switches settings from Missouri, to further south, on a plantation coincidentally owned by Tow Sawyer’s family, and the reader can clearly see that Twain was out of his element, and he lost the wonderful sense of regionalism that made his Boyer 3 his works, and his era, influential in American literature, mainly because he wasn’t writing about the region he knew, grew up in, and loved. This is why Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is not deserving of inclusion into the great canon of American literature.

Research Paper on Bullying Essay

Bullying is a problem that is evident around the world, and is occurring right now, at this very moment. The issue of bullying is complicated; some believe it should be taken seriously, yet we often disregard it. If you place yourself in the shoes of the victim, the issue is not a joke but extremely serious. Bullying is the unwarranted, aggressive behavior towards a victim that involves a bully, a victim, and those who are witnesses and occurs over a period of time. The bully is a person who uses strength and physical or verbal abuse to intimidate their victim who is usually weaker (physically or emotionally) than the bully. The bully and victim can be male or female. Research has shown that adults, parents, teachers, and school staff rarely respond or intervene when bullying occurs. These studies show that one in four teachers see nothing wrong with bullying and will only intervene four percent of the time (dosomething. org). Adults often believe that bullying is â€Å"just part of life. † They usually do not understand or see the consequences that will take place in this â€Å"part of a young person’s life† for the victim and the bully. The victim’s need for help and the bully’s cry for attention are telling us that something needs to be done. Bullying has countless, negative consequences, if nothing is done to prevent it, for both the bully and the victim. Bullying Must Be Prevented! The consequences of victimization from bullying are many and can be very serious. Some of these consequences may include poor academic performance, and physical and mental consequences. Bullying can have a negative impact on a student’s academic performance. Research has shown that bullies target victims who may have a high academic performance. The bullying begins with friendly teasing but then will increase to verbal attacks. When this occurs, it will cause the victim to lose his/her confidence. He/she will feel outcast, depressed and alone. The school does not often help or intervene. Statistics show that over two-thirds of students believe that schools respond poorly to bullying, with a high percentage of students believing that adult help is infrequent and ineffective (dosomething. org). As a result, the victim may begin to pay less attention in class his/her academic performance will drop. Previous studies of bullying behavior have tended to focus on risk factors and consequences associated with the primary roles of the victim, such as mental health. The victim will feel depressed and an outcast. He/ she will have very low self esteem. â€Å"School is a place where children learn socializing and other skills that will be useful later in life. Bullied students are likely to shy away from any social situation so that they can protect themselves. This stops them from developing healthy relationships with other people† (helium. com). Bullying can be associated with the victim’s past, present and future. In childhood, victims will be faced with poor mental health outcomes such as depression and anxiety. This can be brought from childhood to adulthood and may cause the adult to have poor functioning as she/he goes through daily life. Finally, research has linked bullying to suicide. â€Å"Bully victims are between 2 to 9 times more likely to consider suicide than non-victims, according to studies by Yale University†(bullyingstatistics. org). Physical ailments have also been associated with bullying. Physical ailments may be caused by hitting, pushing tripping, slapping, spitting, stealing or destroying possessions, including books, clothing, or lunch money and many others. Physical bullying can occur to and from school and is most frequently used during middle school due to this period of life when everyone is trying to fit in. A victim may come home from school with bruises, cuts, or other unexplained injuries having damaged clothing, books, or possessions, often â€Å"losing† things that they take to school. Bullying has countless negative effects that have many risk factors. If these effects are not prevented, bullying will begin to become â€Å"part of life† but with mental, physical, and academic consequences to the victim. Bullying Is Not A Problem There are many cons in bullying. Some may say that bullying is not a problem. Some say that bullies need to bully, that it is just part of growing up. Some will also say that bullying is not even a big deal. â€Å"Bullies have always been with us. Back in the day, my generation was told to either walk away or hit them back. No one really took bullies very seriously† (Pauline Wallin, Ph. D. bullying: What’s the big deal? †The Patriot-News). In this context, Pauline tells us that bullying is not taken seriously and that bullies will always be with us. If bullying was a phase of life, why are people dying from bullying? â€Å"A British study reported 44% of suicides occurring in kids 10 to 14 was caused by bullying. † Teachers are not intervening when bullying is taking place. â€Å"1 in 4 teachers see nothing wrong with bullying and will only intervene four percent of the time. Over two-thirds of students believe that schools respond poorly to bullying, with a high percentage of students believing that adult help is infrequent and ineffective† (dosomething. rg). A victim will sometimes feel it is their fault for being bullied. For instance, they might think they are weak and do not have good friendships. They may think of themselves as failures and not worthy of being helped by others. Victims are not failures and are worth being helped. We need to focus more on bullying for the victim’s sake. Bullying has many negative consequences on the victim, including suicide, school shootings, and fighting back. There are many reasons why victims turn to suicide. One reason is that they feel alone and feel that they have no one to turn to for assistance. They don’t know that their parents, teachers, and other adults could be a solution to their problem. The cause for a school shooting is unknown. Most school shootings are shown to be linked with bullying. â€Å"In 12 of 15 school shooting cases in the 1990s, the shooters had a history of being bullied (stopbullying. gov). The victim is taking the situation of bullying into his own hands and is taking revenge on the bully. The victim may use physical violence to hurt the bully to fight back and protect themselves. Bullying is a problem that must be taken seriously. If bullying is not taken seriously, it may lead to consequences that are numerous and will cause multiple problems, for the bully and the victim alike. Opinion and Solutionâ€Å"There are about 160,000 children that miss school every day out of fear of being bullied† (bullying statistics). Bullying is a problem that is evident around the world, and is occurring right now at this very moment. Because many consider it to be a problem, many want to prevent bullying. Bullying is being identified on school campuses and many schools put in programs to deal with the issue. But is this enough? Do our parents and other adults even notice or care about what events take place during school? One in four teachers see nothing wrong with bullying and will only intervene four percent of the time (dosomething. org). And do we know how children really feel after school each and every day? Over two-thirds of students believe that schools respond poorly to bullying, with a high percentage of students believing that adult help is infrequent and ineffective (dosomething. org). Not enough people are taking bullying seriously. Some parents and other adults will consider bullying â€Å"a playful activity† or â€Å"just another part of life†. The issue of bullying is complicated; some say it should be taken more seriously, yet we are often prone to neglect it. Forms of bullying have evolved, but ways to deal with it have not. Theodore Roosevelt says, â€Å"Knowing what’s right doesn’t mean much unless you do what’s right. † There are many solutions to bullying. Children who are being bullied or victims of bullying can talk with an adult. But our adults must recognize the problem with bullying. There will be signs if your child is being victimized during school when she comes home. â€Å"Being alert and observant is critical, since victims are often reluctant to report bullying† (greatschools. org). If you are alert and aware of this taking place, action must be taken immediately to prevent future consequences. By this you must approach the school and make it clear that you want immediate action. Teachers need to set up a non-bullying environment in their classes. This will help children understand and let them know that bullying is a problem that must be prevented.

Poles and Italians in Detroit essays

Poles and Italians in Detroit essays In the late 17th century and early 18th century Detroit was a hotbed for foreign immigration. The booming automobile industry and resulting growth of the city ensured that many jobs were available for those able to take them. Among these immigrants were distinct groups originating from many different countries. Two of these groups were the Poles and the Italians, who arrive to Detroit looking for a new beginning. Although many similarities can be found between the groups there are an equal number of differences, which defined each separate culture. In this paper Id like to focus on the similarities and differences between the Poles and Italians in Detroit by looking at their reasons for leaving their countries and subsequent arrivals into Detroit, their lifestyles upon moving to Detroit, and the Americanization process that occurred when they arrived. In my opinion both the Poles and Italians left their homelands not necessarily because they wanted to, but more as a means of survival. Both of these groups suffered from insufficient family incomes due to overpopulation, lack of peasant landholding, and changing word economy. Although they shared these similarities their were also striking differences. Poland was partitioned among three neighboring empires and disappeared as a state in Europe until after World War I (Global View/Origins/Europe/Poland). Since the Poles were under foreign rule, which left them without a voice in their respective governments and society many, chose to immigrate to Detroit as a means of political relief. Upon arrival to Detroit they occupied the North Eastern side of the city, and because Poles comprised the largest European immigrant group in the metropolis, (American Cities/Detroit/Poles/Neighborhood/In Streets/Detroit Polish Settlements) they soon occupied Hamtramck as well. Most who left Italy and moved to Detroit were Southern Italian farmers. As It...

How to achieve expert status, HR Zone - Emphasis

How to achieve expert status, HR Zone How to achieve expert status, HR Zone Browse the business aisles of any bookshop and youll find an array of how-to titles. Whether youre hiring or firing, theres guaranteed to be a text extolling the latest methods, explains Rob Ashton. It can be tempting to think that these gurus are cut from a different cloth to normal folk. But the reality is that theyve achieved their expert status in large part by putting their thoughts and ideas in writing. Imagine that youve launched a company-wide initiative that will reduce labour turnover by 10 per cent over a six-month period. The managing director has asked you to share your success at the annual conference. But as the big day looms, you decide to let a colleague take the daunting task of speaking at the podium. Your colleague not only presents the project in all its glory, but speaks with such authority that people automatically associate her with being the expert. And youre left with little, if any, public recognition. The moral of the story (aside from always accepting public speaking invitations) is to make sure you own your ideas by getting them down on paper. For example, you could have distributed reports to all the employees in your company to demonstrate that you were the expert in that particular initiative. Cultivating expert status through writing is a smart move. It can lead to promotions, awards and all manner of challenging opportunities. You may not want to be a Sunday Times bestselling author, but you can still gain credibility within the HR world by writing reports, articles, white papers and blogs. So here are five steps to help you write your way to expert status in your organisation and beyond. One Always ask what employees need and want, even if youve been working with them for years. People change, so keep finding out what really makes them tick. Then, consistently take action to develop original HR practices. Dont be afraid to do things differently (provided of course its not just change for changes sake). Two Think beyond the nuts and bolts of your job and ask yourself how your work truly affects the lives of others. And always focus on the needs of your readers before you write any document. Remember, to gain authority in your organisation, you need people to connect with your writing. So be clear about who will read your document, how important it is to them and how interested they are in it. Use this information to help you shape the content. And make sure you speak directly to the reader by using words such as you, we, us and our. Three Give power to the people by including them in your writing. For example, its more effective to write that one in five people are now happier in their jobs than using the term 20 per cent. And use the active voice as much as possible. For example, youve helped to create over 700 new customers this year is far more effective than Over 700 customers have been created this year with your help. Four Write letters to HR magazines to comment on industry stories. Use the SCRAP formula to help structure your letter. The acronym stands for: situation, complication, resolution, action and politeness. Situation Begin by explaining the current situation or particular issue. For example, you may wish to highlight typical grades of the current graduate intake. Complication Introduce the idea that theres a problem. In this case, the problem could be that personnel managers are wasting time interviewing candidates who dont have the required skills, as grades seem to be a poor indicator of ability in the workplace. Resolution State your resolution to the problem. This could be forging links with universities to conduct undergraduate training in core workplace skills. Action Suggest what action the reader can or should take. You might want the reader to carry out your suggestion locally and report back to you. Politeness Finally, end with a polite, but thought-provoking sign-off. Five Cast your net even wider by contributing full-page articles to HR magazines and other business titles. Always send a synopsis of the article to the magazine first. Write an attention-grabbing headline and standfirst (the two lines under the headline). Then write a snappy opening paragraph and a few sentences about what your article will include. If the editor likes your idea, theyll work with you to decide on the exact content. It doesnt matter if youre a director or working your way up through the ranks, now is the time to start positioning yourself as an expert. Your ideas and recommendations are powerful, so take the time to tell people about them and document them effectively.

Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 15

Technology - Essay Example People now rely on portable devices such as smartphones and tablets to connect with their friends, relatives, teammates, and even compatriots in their places of work. Instantaneous connections allow people to pass messages quickly regardless of where they are. However, the mobile technologies are a hindrance to important one on one communication therefore they should be moderately used for the sake of building of meaningful relationships. The technologies are dangerous since they drive people away from normal conversations. These technologies make people indifferent to the people they are with physically since they rather communicate with others through the mobile devices. According to Turkle, â€Å"technology-enabled, we are able to be with one another, and also elsewhere, connected to wherever we want to be† (1). This tendency leads to the loss in the value of face to face interactions, as people feel rejected by their mates who seem addicted to their communication devices. The use of the mobile technologies actually enables people to snub the people close by. â€Å"We are together, but each of us is in our own bubble, furiously connected to keyboards and tiny touch screens† (Turkle 2). However, the problem has become so widespread that everyone seems to use technologies to keep others away. The remote connections enabled by the mobile technologies do not yield deep relationships. I agree with Turkle’s views that the technologies are an avenue which people use to present an ideal image of themselves, which is unlike who they really are. â€Å"Texting and e-mail and posting let us present the self we want to be. This means we can edit. And if we wish to, we can delete. Or retouch: the voice, the flesh, the face, the body† (Turkle 2). The downside to this is that people end up not knowing one another hence they cannot meaningfully understand and connect to one another. Consulting via the technology does not yield answers that would fit the needs or concerns that

Copyright Law and Technological Advances Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Copyright Law and Technological Advances - Essay Example In the context of the Internet, copyright law operates in such a way that the interests of the genuine owner of creative works, and the rights to the public to access such works are balanced. Hence, protecting creativity in the context of the Internet implies the promoting of intellectual development. In the absence of such protection for intellectual creativity, public access to information would be restricted. Hence, copyright law has to provide sufficient protection to copyright owners and also restrict the infringements that take place on the internet. Damages for such infringements have to be compensated to the owner of copyrights. The infringements of copyrights are increasing in number, due to the rapid expansion of the Internet. The relevant legislation has not kept apace with this proliferation of the Internet. It remained static and was unable to cope with the new and innovative methods of infringing copyrights.